Sweatshops Essay free essay sample

The worldwide intercontinental coorporations sweatshops catch the prerequisites of the CLS and along these lines they are giving better choices and chances to the laborers in the third world contries. Maitland guarantees, that the global business companies must educate their representatives regarding the dangers and risks, to which every last one of them is oppressed at the work place. This thought compares with Milton friedmans see that opportunity rises to decision as biliteral, deliberate and educated exchange. Negative opportunity in the sweatshops ( meaning: that partnerships are allowing the chance to needy individuals to work and work, are constraining their decision in a similar time) is self-evident. Friedmain says that absence of choices limits ones opportunity and Ians continues rehashing that when the organizations fulfills his CLS conditions , the worldwide sweatshops are giving better choices to the underdeveloped nations. Thomas Carson gives his issues with the CLS by tending to three cases straightforwardly to Maitland, he isn't contending that Ians proposition isn't good, yet it doesn't settle the ethical inquiries at issue. We will compose a custom article test on Sweatshops Essay or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In his first case, he portrays the accompanying circumstance: He lives in rustic North Dakota and he has a wiped out lady as a neighbor. There is a colossal snowstorm that leaves the town without power and their lone alternative is to utilize wood ovens and chimneys. Since his neigbour doesn't have any of these, he is giving her the choice to help her in return of her antique prize assortment. In the subsequent case, the circumstance is nearly the equivalent , a man carring a bag with a great deal of cash in it, hyper-extends his ancle, however there is a colossal torm coming and there is just a single individual, who could support him, obviously in return of his bag. In light of those two cases, Maitland contends that the circumstances in the cases are diverse of those in the sweatshops : I don’t think the cases are appropriately comparative ( Carson, 4). His contentions are that, since there isn't equivalent base for the sweatshops and the two cases, decisions can't be made sensibly so as to legitimizes ones postulation. The third case that Carsons portrays is situationthat happens in a climb and there are more individuals, who can help, the one out of luck. Here Maitland gives his contention, that those cases depend on crises circumstance, while the sweatshops in the third world are annal condition. Later on in the content Carsons furnishes us with the Ians contention : What about that ‘‘saddling’’ global companies with extra obligations will have hurtful outcomes since it will make them more averse to offer work to individuals in poor nations? ( Carsons, 5) . Thomas contends, this is hazy and confussed, but at the same time is supporting that when all is said in done the global organization are all the more ready to confine the opportunity of the third world work, than the business partnerships perceived by the CLS. Till the finish of the article, Carsons explaines and offers backing to how and what his contentions do and don't matter to Ian Maitlands see on the etichal connection between sweatshops, representatives and worldwide business enterprises. In this content, the fundamental thought of the writer is uncovered in the article Free Exchange for Mutual Benefit. Wich drives us to the principle questions and contention of Carson: 1) What is opportunity? Is it exchangable? Does it limit the workers or give them choices? 2) Is this trade between the two gatherings shared? 3) Does it benefits equivalent to companies and modest work nations ? To start with, I might want in the first place a portrayal of sweatshops. The name sweatshop gives us a really away from of how hard is the work in these pleaces. Progressively over global organizations sweatshop are initiated in and just in underdeveloped nations, for example, the ones portrayed in the article Indonesia, China. These nations are poor and overpopulated, enduring structure unemployement, and the confinements of employement and destitution among the individuals are something normal and account, as depicted in the content. This is an ideal opportunitiy for a major assembling organization to construct a sweatshop and furnish a portion of the needy individuals with sweat work, claiming to give them opportunity and choices for it, while simultaneously they are restricting, their human rights by giving them adequate measure of work for over 12 hours, a day for instance. Truly, Maitland give us argumentation, that a begginng laborer , gains multiple times more than neighborhood wage. Truly, that may be valid, however with what cost, this individual procure his pay? 20 hours of work a day, no close to home life, breaking point of opportunity? Maitland dependent on his CLS, expresses that if enterprises depend on this liberal standartization and in the event that it is unreservedly picked by educated laborers there is common exchanges between the two gatherings, and along these lines the two gatherings are fulfilled. I bolster the possibility of Carsons, that in the Ians contention, doesn't bring the etichal issue, or arent organizations offering alternatives, to needy individuals (giving them work), really taking their opportunity in return for their work? This would lead me to my next contention about common trade, does it exists between the two gatherings? I bolster the possibility of Maitland and Friedman, that opportunity is an exchange that must be biletaral and shared so as to profit the two gatherings. Be that as it may, since the main thought of companies and business is benefit, there is nothing of the sort as equivalent mutrual trade. Universal Corporations had discovered an ideal field, to gain bilions of benefit every year, guaranteeing that they furnish poor underdeveloped nations with alternatives. I might want to help my contention with the hypothesis of Ronald Duska, that there is no such diminishes as relationship other than physical work ( gave from the laborers) to organization, wich drives me to my contention that there is no equivalent profit by the two gatherings. The work in underdeveloped nations, and not just, the destitute individuals working in these sweatshops are seen as work, gear, hardware. Just instruments for cash and benefit. I based my contentions and my perspective on Duskas hypothesis and I don't imagine that in the business, espesically worldwide sweatshops are worried about any moral or good issues,concerning the work in their seatshops. My own comprehension about the Carsons cases is that they are a basic methaphor for the sweatshops ( meaning the one in need is the underdeveloped nation individuals and the individual contribution help are the large enterprises). In all the sititations , we see that the craving to help is driven uniquely by purposes that are far away from moral and good, and look for just ones profit by the circumstance. Regardless of whether the organizations are thinking about the CLS, their essential and just reaseon is their benefit and that's it. I imagine that he succesfully and in a roundabout way contended his theory, giving the peruser his cases with respect to CLS. All in all, Carsons article Free Exchange for Mutual Benefit: Sweatshops and Maitlands Classical Liberal Standard gives us a wide field for contention if Maitlands CLS improves the common advantage among work and maker. I believe that there is nothing of the sort as liberal standartization, when it comes , to producers, business and benefit. Unfortunatelly, in todays society cash drive the world, and the enterprises, espesially in the underdeveloped nations are restricting the opportunity and decision of needy individuals, and the one in particular that profits by that exchange are universal companies. Unfortunatelly good and morals, doesn't occur in the third world, and the multiunational organizations are the partie that have the opportunity and the decisions to control poor people and powerless by shutting their eyes, with income and wages, while constraining the opportunity of the person in the third world.

Machiavelli Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Machiavelli - Term Paper Example In this way, the individuals who are persuaded by dread instead of any sense to contradict the prince’s understanding are arranged to respect the parts of the bargains anyway he wishes to seek after his objectives through his authentic force whether by perfect or wicked political plan (Machiavelli). Clearly, it is generally reasonable to recognize that Machiavelli requires a sort of pioneer who satisfies his narrow minded enthusiasm by a â€Å"invisible hand† of unintended results in which the residents figure out how to pick up their own bit of leeway by the course of nature in spite of the prince’s genuine yet obscure goal of gaining capacity to its outright degree. In the interest of stable royal guideline, subsequently, one may well legitimize how Machiavelli fits in a â€Å"Republican† status however such character gets adjusted as he shows the job of a strategist who accepts that the more noteworthy dominant part should profit as per the anticipated parts of the bargains. Verifiably, however the ruler has nothing to do with this yet he have reasonability to appear and if the individuals of the state were to get success unintentionally, it ought not be allowed to unfold constantly, just more often than not. Taking into account the recommendation where â€Å"the closes legitimize the means†, Machiavelli likely calls attention to that legislative issues, regardless of which ways are taken, acceptable or detestable, as maneuvred by the sovereign must respect the steadiness of his administration, or all the more explicitly, the establishments whereupon his forces rest. Anything or anybody that compromises such extreme end structure appearing the ruler is required to have as far expelled from him as could be expected under the circumstances while during the time spent keeping up and growing the domains of his possibilities and specialists by and large. At whatever cost, the intentional objective of the methods is to tie down a political force for the sovereign to empower him to execute undertakings toward the kindness of fulfilling his resulting wants. The residents, the beliefs, and the rest

How to Stop Your Constant Worrying

How to Stop Your Constant Worrying Panic Disorder Coping Print How to Stop Your Constant Worrying By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 27, 2019 urbazon / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Coping Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions If you have been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, you probably know firsthand what it is like to live with constant worry. Worry is that feeling of uneasiness that occurs when your thoughts are focused on current difficulties in your life or potential problems that have not actually occurred. For example, these feelings can range from worrying about an upcoming evaluation at work to feeling worried about the safety of family members even when they all seem to be out of harms way. Many people who struggle with anxiety-related conditions are negatively affected by their worrisome thoughts. Frequent worrying can be exhausting and often increases your feelings of fear and anxiety. Worry can make it difficult to unwind and relax, even contributing to sleep disturbances, such as insomnia. Given its link to anxiety, it is no surprise that worry is common among those diagnosed with panic disorder. There are certain worries that are frequently experienced by those with this condition. For example, people with panic disorder often worry about when they will experience their next panic attack. Those with agoraphobia worry so much about their physical symptoms that they are often prone to engaging in avoidance behaviors, finding it difficult at times to engage in their regular activities. If you find yourself becoming a victim of your worries, it may be time to learn some new coping skills. Put Your Mind Elsewhere This tip may sound easy, but it does require some effort to distract yourself from worrying. To get your mind off your worries, try to get busy on something else. For example, you can try walking, watching television, or reading a good book. To prepare yourself for future worrying, make a list of activities that you can do. Label the list “What I can do instead of worrying” and then underneath write down activities that will put your mind elsewhere. Try to come up with a long list of your own. Consider what activities you can do when in different situations, such as when you are at home, traveling, or at work. Having many options listed will increase the chance of you using them when you need them the most. A few possibilities to add to your list include: Do some chores inside or around the house, such as laundry or gardeningExercise or engage in a physical activityRead a book, magazine, or newspaperOrganize your home or officeWatch a funny movieEngage in a creative activity, such as drawing or writing Get Support Talking with a trusted friend or family member can help you feel more relaxed and supported. Sometimes hearing the perspective of another person can help change your view of your worries. You may want to spend a few minutes sharing your worries with someone, but it is best to not let that be the only subject that you talk about. A good friend can help you get your mind off of your worries and onto something else. Building a support network for panic disorder can take some time and effort. However, having others to lean on may help reduce your worry. Many people with panic disorder, panic attacks, and agoraphobia feel isolated and often find it difficult to reach out to others. If you are experiencing loneliness or are uncomfortable talking to others, try exploring your problem on your own through writing. Get a journal or simply a pen and some paper and write out your worries. When you have it all written down, you may be able to better see the big picture. Try writing down some potential solutions to your problems. Also, try to balance out your worries by writing down what you are grateful for. Sometimes when we are worried, we overlook the more positive aspects of our lives. Practice Relaxation and Self-Care Techniques Learning to relax is a proactive way to work towards overcoming your worries. People with panic disorder tend to have an overactive flight-or-fight response, meaning that they often approach life with a lot of fear and anxiety. Relaxation techniques serve the purpose of improving one’s relaxation response and minimizing anxious thoughts. There are many ways to elicit the relaxation response, including progressive muscle relaxation, yoga, and meditation. These techniques can be learned on your own and can help you feel calmer. Decide which strategies work best for you and make an effort to practice your relaxation techniques for at least 10 to 20 minutes per day. Other self-care practices include physical fitness and nutrition, expressing our creativity, tending to our spiritual needs, and developing healthy relationships. Determine which activities you need to practice more in your life. Practicing self-care for panic disorder can help you live and feel healthier, which may help defeat some of your worrying. Face Your Worries Sometimes our worries are caused by procrastination or an inability to make a decision. If you are putting something off, worry can serve as a way to avoid facing the issue head-on. However, in the long run, worry and anticipation can actually make you feel much more anxious than if you would just take care of your issue. Stop worrying by taking the steps you need to deal with the problem. You may find that by tackling your problems or projects actually decrease your feelings of worry and stress.

Analysis of Cultural Flaw in Chronicle of a Death Foretold

Analysis of Cultural Flaw in Chronicle of a Death Foretold Humanity has built grand and wondrous cultures and societies, for the better of mankind people have devoted themselves to a functional structured society. But have these creations become merely fabrications that hinder one’s true beliefs? Throughout the novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold, author Gabriel Garcia Marquez gives insight into Colombian society. As the story of a murder unravels Marquez projects the themes of honor and fate cautiously, using the towns hesitation to prevent Santiagos murder despite foretold warnings to portray how they flaw Columbian culture. By doing so Marquez effectively creates a fictional situation that highlights how the deeply rooted†¦show more content†¦Despite this immense pressure the twins at one point actually do try to find â€Å"just the right person to stop the crime without bringing any shame upon them.† (102) The twins may come off as determined and cold blooded but Marquez makes his readers aware that behind the fron t of ruthlessness and machismo these two know just as well as anyone that this murder is not about Santiago, or their personal vendetta, but in fear of judgment. Honor may have hindered the characters to stop the murder but even after the murder another theme seems to torture the characters. Fate plays a large role as a theme within Chronicle of a Death Foretold as Marquez toys with the idea of destiny and the plot is tossed between random occurrence and the idea of inescapable fate. Marquez seems to infect the whole town with distress and confusion as they try to understand how such an event could have happened, despite all the forewarning and ways of prevention. The town falls into a â€Å"common anxiety [as they try to] give order to the chain of many chance events that made absurdity possible† (96). Marquez creates for his readers a situation where the whole town knew that the twins were going to murder Santiago, making it so widely known, in fact, that the people thought it impossible not to be prevented. But despite all odds, and all the attempts of prevention, it is carried out, leaving the

A Short Note On Chronic And Chronic Illness - 1746 Words

Ms. Jones has a both acute and chronic illness which makes her situation more complex. The acute conditions have a great potential to be reversed; she has a critical hemoglobin (Hgb) level of 6.4 g/dl, a major infection and a left gangrenous extremity that requires emergent care. Treatment of the acute condition may be complicated by her chronic condition of diabetes. Immediate care is required to avoid the spread of the infection and a further decline in her Hgb level which could result in a fatality. Stabilization of her Hgb level and starting intravenous antibiotic therapy is necessary to avoid harm; decreasing her chance of cardiac arrest and systemic infection which would increase the likelihood of success in her case. This scenario does not mention her blood glucose (BG) level but another way harm can be avoided is by assuring her BG level is within an acceptable range, as well. Therefore, admitting her to a medical surgical unit to stabilize her Hgb and BG may be necessa ry prior to surgery. Although her anemia could be a result of her infection the practitioner should make an effort to determine the cause of her low Hgb levels to avoid further complications and develop future treatment plans. However, medical care would not be indicated, if Ms. Jones continues to refuse blood transfusions. Therefore, more of a palliative or hospice care path may be indicated versus medical and surgical acute care. 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Life of Walt Whitman Free Essays

Walt Whitman is one of the most eminent poets of America who expressed the condition of nineteenth century American society in his works, which always reflected the cruel, unjust and discerning face of the country. In his period the Americans reviewed those illustrations unpatriotic so his poetic license was very much condemned. At the time of his death only he got recognition by his country. We will write a custom essay sample on Life of Walt Whitman or any similar topic only for you Order Now Walt Whitman was born on May 31, 1819 in West Hills, New York. His father, Walter Whitman, Sr., was a carpenter and farmer. Whitman was named after his father. His origin was mixed with English and Dutch. He was the second son of Walter Whitman and Louisa Van Velsor, the granddaughter of a sea captain. When Walt was not just even four years old, Walter Sr. with his family that consisted of nine children moved to Brooklyn, which was a growing city, across from New York. As he was not successful in any of his trade so he decided to try his fortune in house building. And when Walt was six year old, General Lafayette who visited the New York that time carried him. This is described in some of Walt’s stories (Ed Folsom and Kenneth M. Price). Walt was born in a newly shaped United States. The young Whitman got lots of opportunities to gather experience from his farm life and the new city society that helped him to prepare his attitude for writing. Walt’s love for living close to the East River later reflected in his poem â€Å"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry†, published in 1856 where he has shared his experience that how as a child he used to ride ferries onwards and reverse to New York city. That was the most reminiscent experience in his life. This daily commuting became the symbol of the way from life to death and to life again (Ed Folsom and Kenneth M. Price). In Brooklyn Whitman finished his elementary schooling. He spent his six years in Brooklyn public school with different backgrounds and age group children. He described later in his journals and poetry that he never liked physical punishment in schools. Except this formal education of schooling he received most of the significant education from outside like visiting museums and libraries and by attending lectures. He never forgot the first great lecture given by Quaker leader, Elias Hicks who was a very good friend of his grandfather Jesse. In his boyhood, Whitman’s one of the favorite activities was to visit his grandparents on Long Island and the beauty of that mystical land attracted him a lot. His love to that place is revealed from his poem â€Å"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking†. As Whitman grew up in both places like growing and energetic city Brooklyn and idle Long Island countryside, the double adherence of urban and rural life can be marked out in his poetry (Ed Folsom and Kenneth M. Price). When Whitman finished his formal schooling, at the age of eleven, he started working as a clerk in a local office of some lawyers where his work was related to the libraries and there he got chance to start with his informal education. His love to get engaged with everyone in conversation and discussion also increased his knowledge. He was also a nonstop reader. When other celebrated writers of his time were taking well-arranged education from private institutions, Whitman was busy in gathering information about history, literature, music and some other fields from the fastest growing city New York. In 1831 he learnt printing trade during being an apprentice in Patriot, a newspaper and started liking written word. Here he observed how the thoughts could be changed in to language and soon could be transmitted to the readers. As he was mainly self-taught, he became familiar with the works of Dante, Shakespeare, Homer and the Bible. At the age of twelve only he also added his words in the newspaper. In 1833, his family moved back to the West Hills. Whitman was alone in the city experiencing the freedom that could make his career. These were the years, which taught him the changing parameters of life that reflects in his poetry also. In his poetry, journalism and prose one can find focus on the history of Brooklyn, Long Island and New York City. Walt was living separately from his family and was increasing his knowledge from different sources like in the libraries he read about Sir Walter Scott, James Cooper and other romance novelists. He saw the theatres where he liked Shakespeare a lot. Richard III had always been Whitman’s favorite play. He gathered lots of knowledge from different lectures of Francis Wright who was a Scottish Women’s right advocate   (Ed Folsom and Kenneth M. Price). At the age of sixteen he was about to set his career in the printing trade and news paper when in two cases of fire destruction in the printing industry of New York city stopped him and in 1836 Whitman joined his family back in Hampstead. Though Whitman had very little formal education still he developed some skills of reading and writing through the profession of apprentice in the newspaper. That was sufficient for the type of teaching he could do for some time. He opposed his father who wanted him to work on their new farm, as he never wanted to be a farmer. Only teaching was the career left for him to support him and his family in a very bad financial situation. In his five years of teaching profession he taught in many different towns of Long Island with a very little payment. Whitman proved to be a good teacher and he encouraged the students to think instead of only reciting. He discouraged the punishment and he involved the students in educational games. Whitman’s educational philosophy can be understood in his poem â€Å"There Was a Child Went Forth† commemorating extra curricular learning. He valued the variety of education. His suspicion for the classroom is produced from the poem â€Å"Song Of Myself† where a child ask the question â€Å"What is a grass?† and this is the question that makes Whitman thinking for a simple question. He kept himself energetic by discussing about societies. He also did campaigning for Martin Van Buren’s and became the hard worker for the Democratic Party. In 1838, he tried to start his own newspaper ‘The Long Islander’. He also bought a press and kept his brother George as an assistant. Though he actively wrote, published and edited still, he could not continue long in this field and unwillingly he had to continue in teaching and by 1841 his teaching career was almost at end. He was happy with his newspaper work and could not find happiness in teaching. In the late 1840s, Whitman wrote some journalistic pieces and by the early 1860s, he permanently left teaching career, as he did not find himself suited in this career. Then he decided not to make his career in fiction writing, instead establish himself in the career of journalism. His poetry and fiction was published in about twenty newspapers and magazines. His stories were published in Democratic Review, the most reputed magazine of the nation. His stories are full of professional and psychological matters. His story ‘The Shadow and The Light of a Young Man’s Soul’ narrates Whitman’s own attitude. In the story, the hero, Archibald Dean, left the New York City due to a fire incident and took the charge of a school. H e successfully wrote some novella about rising temperance movement. Benjamin who was Whitman’s partner published his Franklin Evans; or the Inebriate in New World. Whitman’s handling romance and passion in this novel is remarkable. Approximately, 20000 copies of Franklin Evans were sold. This was the novel that Whitman completed in three days. Whitman supported temperance movement in his another two stories- ‘Wild Frank’s Return’ and ‘The Child’s Champion’ Soon he started another novel ‘The Madman’ on the theme of temperance but he left it in the middle. It is assumed that his temperance issue came from the drinking habits of his father or may be his habit of drinking at the time of school teaching. Whitman and The Leaves of Grass: Having faith in his own fictional journey of national importance, Whitman published his Leaves of Grass on 4 July 1855. He believed that he could give his poetry to the common men and when Leaves of Grass got published, he imagined himself the poet of America and referred himself â€Å"one of the roughs†, a common man (Pierce A. Jason, 1992). The poem clearly classified Whitman’s goal as a national poet who was a self styled poet. Leaves of Grass had the series of edition making the poet and nation’s life unique (Pierce A. Jason, 1992). His ‘The Leaves of Grass’ became the notorious collection. In 1855, he got it published privately, as no reputed publisher was ready to publish it. The 19th century Americans were not ready to accept the subjects like homo-sexuality, respect for prostitutes, religious references about Adams and Eves that was the subject of this work. Whitman included the civil war thing in the third edition of ‘The Leaves of Grass’ as the war erupted in 1861. At that time Abraham Lincoln’s assassination affected him a lot and he got inspiration to write his most remarkable poem â€Å"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom†. His war poetry titled â€Å"Drum Taps† was added in to Leaves of Grass. He would declare that his leaves of Grass spin around the four years of civil war   (Pierce A. Jason, 1992). Whitman was never discouraged. He never stopped revising â€Å"The Leaves of Grass† and kept on adding poems. He added poems at leas eight times. For the first edition of â€Å"The Leaves of Grass†, he paid from his own pocket and got only 795 copies printed. Whitman never put his name on the title page of the book and that was assumed unconventional and it was understood that not putting the name on the title page was much about America not the writer himself. Whitman never got married and never left America. He never lost his hope even in his last years, though he was badly criticized for his work â€Å"The Leaves of Grass†. He always kept his self-esteem. In 1881, again the disputable publication of â€Å"The Leaves of Grass† appeared. Same time Whitman published â€Å"Specimen Days and Collect†. In 1888, his collection of newspaper pieces â€Å"November Boughs† was published. On May 26, 1892 Whitman died. And after death he got lot of recognition. American poetry got enriched with the poetic ideas of Whitman. He emphasized on the natural and simple way of poetry. His use of free verse put deep effect on the poetry. His poems have variety in rhythm. After his death he left many notes about the intention of writing â€Å"The Leaves of Grass†. He was a tolerant, contended and joyful man. Whitman’s place in American history is mysterious. It seems that it is based on the ideas upon which America was established (Pierce A. Jason, 1992). References: Biography of Walt Whitman, http://utut.essortment.com/waltwhitmanbio_pmq.htm Folsom, Ed and Price, Kenneth M., Biography of Walt Whitman, http://whitmanarchive.org/biography/index.html Carpenter Edward, Days with Walt Whitman With Some Notes On his Life and works Folsom, Ed and Price, Kenneth, Rescripting Walt Whitman: An Introduction To His Life and Work. Pierce, Jason A., 1992, Walt Whitman and the development of Leaves of Grass, http://library.sc.edu/spcoll/amlit/whitman.html The Life of Walt Whitman, http://www.poetseers.org/early-american-poets/walt-whitman/whitman-biography/ Walt Whitman, http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/wwhitman.htm How to cite Life of Walt Whitman, Essay examples

The American Dream In Arthur Millers All My Sons Essay Example

The American Dream In Arthur Millers All My Sons Paper The American Dream in All My Sons by Arthur Miller Americans are just recovering from the effects of the great depression and the Second World War. Everyone is gripped with the desire to lead a comfortable and urban life. Joe Keller is one such pioneer. He is sixty-one years old and heads a business, which supplies engine parts to the military planes. His love for his family and the need to be prosperous makes him sacrifice his image and reputation. He knowingly supplies faulty engine parts to the military planes against the advice of his company manager, Steve Deever. Of the planes fitted with these faulty parts, twenty-one of them crash killing pilots. Joes own son, Larry, a military pilot, dies en route to China in a related crash. This sets Joe on a collision path with his Family who associates Larrys death to his actions. After investigations on the genesis of the plane crashes, Joe and Steve are arrested and convicted. Joe, however, finds his way out of Jail by framing Steve and claiming innocence on the whole incident. This paper examines the relationship between family members, and each persons devotion to leaving the American dream, marred by secrets and the unwillingness to reckon the responsibility. In Millers All My Sons, money and responsibility play a huge role as themes, as does loyalty. However, it is an obsession with the American Dream which not only drives the plot but also drives the characters. In a new, better educated America, the main character, Joe Keller, struggles to accept that his hard work and dedication to his business is not enough. Desperate to hand the business down to his son, Keller has committed awful sins against his nearest and dearest in order to keep it alive. We will write a custom essay sample on The American Dream In Arthur Millers All My Sons specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The American Dream In Arthur Millers All My Sons specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The American Dream In Arthur Millers All My Sons specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer His son, meanwhile, has dreams and desires of his own, ones which are perhaps not quite in keeping with those of his family. It is a combination of this rebellion and his fathers obsession that make this play so absorbing and fascinating. Perhaps the most interesting character in All My Sons is that of Joe Keller, the self-made patriarch with a desperation to pass on his business to his son, but also a colder, more hardened ability to shirk blame and gladly hand it to somebody else. At the very beginning of Act One, we are introduced to Keller through the stage directions, which state that When he reads, when he speaks, when he listens, it is ith the terrible concentration of the uneducated man for whom there is still wonder in many commonly known things, a man whose Judgements must be dredged out of experience and a peasant-like common sense. A man among men (Miller 5-6). This element of Kellers nature, his lack of education, is something which appears more than once during the play and has a particular significance. Keller is something of a self-made man, a hard worker with an almost exaggerated desire to pass on his business to his son, Chris. This burning need to achieve the American Dream drives Keller to atrocious behaviour. However, this notion of the American Dream has fooled him, it has tricked him into believing that in this new post-war world hard- work is all one needs in order to be respected and good. He rails that everybodys garbage [ ] Its gettin so the only dumb ones left are the bosses (Miller 48). The sensitivity that Joe Keller has regarding his education is fairly clear here. Keller is unable to keep up with the times, struggling to understand how anybody could make money from old dictionaries All the kind of business is goin on. In my day, either you were a lawyer, or a doctor, or a doctor, or you worked in a shop. Now (Miller 7). Joe Keller has been blinded by his obsession with keeping his secret and his business. Throughout the play, the opinions of others are clearly of great importance to the characters, and for Keller, the thought of losing his business was too much to bear and he was willing to sacrifice literally anything in order to hold on to it. His only defence of his actions is a need to keep the business going, the business which has become his whole life. He explains to his son, Im in business, a man is in business [ ] you got a process, the process dont work youre out of business [ they close you up, they tear up your contracts, what the hells it to them? You lay forty years into a business and they knock you out in five minutes, what could I do, let them take forty years, let them take my life away? (Miller 69). Of course, the war is a strong undercurrent in this play, and the effect that it has had on its characters is of great interest. When Keller defends his actions, he argues that everything and everyone has been dirtied by the war, asking his son Who worked for nothin in that Did they ship a gun or a truck outa Detroit before they got their price? Is that clean? Its dollars and cents, nickels and dimes, war and peace, its nickels and dimes, whats clean? (Miller 82). Of course, it is Kellers dirtying with which the play is concerned. Aside from the initial dreadful decision which had such damning repercussions, there is Kellers need to have his son inherit the business in order to give his own life meaning, and what this need drives him to. For example, he makes some effort to protect his wife from upset until his son intends to leave and turn down the business. In which case, Keller is willing to break his wifes heart as its ll only for you, Chris, the whole shootin-match is for you! (Miller 17). Keller is cruel and manipulative, willing to appeal to his sons pity if need be. He tells his son Chris, I did it for you, it was a chance and I did it for you. Im sixty-one years old, when would I have another chance to make something for you? (Miller 70). Here Keller attempts even to lay blame on his sons shoulders. Kellers behaviour and actions were never driven by love for his son (although one cannot comment on whether or not he does indeed feel love for his son), but instead he is driven by an obsession ith an ideal, with the American Dream, and with a fear of how he will be perceived by others. As I previously pointed out, the appearance of oneself before others is a common thread in the play. There is even the ironic moment when Sue, a neighbor, says of the Keller family, l resent living next door to the Holy Family. It makes me look like a bum (Miller 45). The irony being, of course, that the family is anything but holy. Keller tries to seem like an understanding man, sympathizing with his old partner, even though there is a more bitter irony in his words. There are certain men in the orld who would rather see everybody hung before theyll take the blame (Miller 64). This from him is incredible. One wonders if Keller is aware of Just how much this statement applies to him, or if he in genuinely unaware. After all, Chris accuses his The character of Kellers son, Chris is an interesting one. In his physical description he is likened to his father, but he Just lacks the lying ability, or the self-serving nature. He struggles with his own American Dream, saying l dont know why it is, but every time I reach out for something I want, I have to pull back because other people will suffer. My whole bloody life, time after time (Miller 16). I believe that one could argue that Chris feelings stem from being a pawn in his fathers own dream Chris has never had the opportunity for any individuality, or wants of his own. He and indeed his girlfriend Ann, are shackled by money and expectation. Sue points out to Ann that hes [Chris] got money. Thats important you know. But Ann insists It wouldnt matter to me. (Miller 44). It is this abandonment of expectation and financial concerns that ultimately frees the couple from the obsession that engulfed Joe Keller and was the ultimate downfall of Anns own father. Kate, Joes wife still clings to the hopes that Larry, her son, is alive despite having been dead for three years. Her remaining son Chris has to convince her of Larrys death to pave way for his marriage to Ann, a former fiancee to Larry whom he now loves. Kates love for Larry, who by any means is dead, is shown to be strong when she asks a neighbor to determine the favorability of her sons day of demise through horoscope. When she is confronted by Chris and Keller to accept the reality, she blackmails Keller into supporting her belief, failure to which Larrys blood would hang on Kellers shoulders (Novelguide n.). On learning of the planned marriage between his sister Ann and Chris, and given the tension between the two families accessioned by Kellers framing of Steve, George, brother to Ann goes to prison to inform Steve (his father) of the development. George, convinced about the innocence of his father, tries to stop the wedding and accuses Keller of all that transpired. He is ordered to leave by Chris so that the wedding plans are not Jeopardized. Kate then unravels to Chris the liability of his father, Keller, on the death of Larry and he confronts his father accusing him of murder and tarnishing the familys reputation Abbotson 39). Kate persuades Keller to turn himself to jail if Chris so pleases. Her emotions about her sons death are aggravated further when Ann shows her the suicide letter sent by Chris who sacrificed himself for the family to ward them off the shame caused by Keller. Chris, however, forgives his father and shuns his mothers thought of turning in their father to jail. His marriage plans with Ann also backfires when Chris decides to travel without her, fearing Anns persuasiveness for Keller to be turned in (Miller, 20). Chris then reads aloud the letter, which had been sent by Larry in the presence of Keller. Keller digests the sense that all the pilots killed in the crash, which he caused by supplying faulty parts to the military equals his son Larry. He dashes into his chambers claiming he needs to pick to then drive himself to Jail but instead kills himself by his own gun. Keller fails to recognize the inadequacy of his achievements in the business though he is determined to pass the inheritance to his son. He, therefore, exploits friend to get away with the kill. Ironically, the son he fghts so much for (Chris) has different ideologies from his and the familys. Kellers behavior takes un-expected turn with the urge to preserve the family status and pass over what he believes to have earned rightfully to Chris. Chris unwillingness to inherit his fathers estate contributes to Kellers unexpected exit. In the post war and depression America, Keller is deceived on the ability to earn respect and outstanding reputation through hard work. He scoffs at those people getting education, lamenting that there shall be nobody left for the odd Jobs should everybody get educated (Miller 48). Influence of traditional [conventional beliefs on the American dream. Keller finds it hard keeping with the pace of change and developments in post war America and wonders how anybody would make money from education if not the conventional trade. He is also determined to conceal the traditional dealings of his business and life. Keller does not take note of others views just to ensure that the business and his personal interest are protected and moving. In trying to further the dreams of America by serving in the military, Chris is scolded by Keller who wonders aloud why he should waste his time in the military where they are mistreated when ther opportunities are available for him such as Joining in the trade. He vows to protect his business and life in reference to the new set regulations of doing business since he sees no necessity of conforming to such policies to build the nation (Miller 69). The undercurrents of the Second World War also affect the developments towards the realization of the American dream adversely. Keller retorts at anything claiming it to have been corrupted by the war. He does not therefore see the need of patriotism, claiming everything done should have a price, as was the case during the ar. In the play, this is a hindrance to the development of post war and depression America as shared in the dreams. Keller presents an old era not willing to breathe fresh air of the modern America and uses his business as bait of drawing his sons pity. To him, the spirit adopted during the Second World War where peoples service to the nation had a price tag should continue. He tries to curve a self-centered person out of Chris by claiming that everything he does is for his own good while ignoring the plight of any other person including his neighbors. Deeply, Keller has no love or affection for neither his son nor his interest but is rather obsessed with the others perception and the perspectives of America (Moore n. p). Chris, on the other hand, is open and selfless in his pursuit of the American dreams. Chris wonders why he has to retreat every time he sets course to achieve anything in order to avert other peoples sufferings (Miller 16). Though he comes from a noble family, he never shows his status and encourages a level take off by everyone since they have a common dream and objective to achieve. Both Ann and Chris aiden perception to money and status sets them free, unlike Keller whose downfall can be attributed to personal interests. The same notion is used by the influential and powerful Americans to shift responsibility and blame to the less fortunate in the prefers others to clean up his mess (Vortex n. p). Inherent themes in the American dream Relatedness Most scenes or occurrences try to ascertain ways in which individuals are indebted to their commune, attached undertakings, and the difference between personal and public matters. During the war, Kellers actions go unperturbed since in is own rights, he is duly bound to himself. He shares nothing with the society. Idealism Chris backs down on his hard stand when he realizes the graveness of the issue, which had the potential of sending Keller to Jail. This comes when he reads a letter written by his fallen brother (Larry) that his father was responsible for his death. He, therefore, sacrifices his ideals. Business Though uneducated, Keller is financially successful. It is this success, however, that leads to his downfall when he is blinded by his business sense stemming from the capitalist system. American dream There is a biased misconception of economic success as the only avenue to the American dream, dwarfing all other aspects, which are also relevant. Other aspects of the dream are sacrificed by Keller to ascend to his economic power. In conclusion, Joe Keller never accepts his guilt fully. He argues and he makes excuses and he even allows someone else to take the flack. This criticism of the American Dream, a notion used by the powerful to control those less so, is made all the more interesting when one considers that the playwright, Arthur Miller, was himself investigated by the House of Un-American Activities. This period of US history is worth studying in itself (in fact, this is my wifes topic for her undergraduate dissertation!). Anyway, I hope you enjoyed reading and I will hopefully be back with something again soon. Work cited Abbotson, Susan C. W, and Stephen Marino. A Student Handbook to the Plays of Arthur Miller: All My Sons, Death of a Salesman, the Crucible, a View from the Bridge, Broken Glass. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2013. Internet resource. Novel guide: All My Sons. Accessed. 16th November 2013. http://www. novelguide. com/all-my-sons/ theme-analysis

Pearl Harbor Battle Analysis Essay Essays

Pearl Harbor Battle Analysis Essay Essays Pearl Harbor Battle Analysis Essay Essay Pearl Harbor Battle Analysis Essay Essay Essay Topic: The Pearl On a pleasant and beautiful Sunday. December 7. 1984. Japan implemented a surprise onslaught on the US Naval Base in Pearl Harbor on the island of Oahu. Hawaii which gave United States a door to come in into World War II. Even though Japan did non follow through with the onslaught doing the 3rd moving ridge of bombers to interrupt contact from dropping bombs to complete off the remainder of the fleet moorage in Pearl Harbor. it was a good prepared. and carefully orchestrated onslaught on the Americans because the Nipponese followed about all the nine Principles of War. However there was one rule that the Japanese did non executed doing them to give up subsequently on in World War II. There are nine Principles of War. that is ; integrity of bid. mass. nonsubjective. violative. surprise. economic system of force. manoeuvre. and security. The onslaught include mass–concentrating the combat power at the decisive topographic point and clip. The aim was clear and directed every military operation towards a clearly defined. decisive come-at-able aim. The onslaught was clearly violative where it prehend. retained. and exploited the enterprises. Surprise was the decidedly the most of import rule used striking Pearl Harbor on a given clip when it was unprepared. Economy of force was allocated to the moving ridge of onslaughts where indispensable combat power was given as a secondary attempt. The manoeuvres were clearly executed where Japan placed United States in a place of disadvantage through the flexibleness application of combat power. There was integrity of bid in which the Japanese ensured each aim had a responsible commanding officer. Integrity of bid was seeable within the Nipponese fleet. The commanding officer for the December 7th 1941 onslaught on Pearl Harbor was Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto ( People–Japan. ) . Yamamoto was responsible for the combined Nipponese fleet where he devised the scheme for the onslaught. and because of his careful. organized. and educated planing. Pearl Harbor was about to the full destroyed. Under Yamamoto is Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumoto who was in bid of the First Air Fleet. Nagamuto relied to a great extent on the experience of his subsidiaries Comander Minoru Genda. and Rear Admiral Ryunosuke Kusaka. â€Å"No one can truly understand what happened at Pearl Harbor without at least a cernuous acquantance with these work forces. for the plan’s origin. readying. executing. and stupefying success were shaped by the personalities and experience of these men† ( Goldstein. 1991 ) . By component of mass with in the nine Principles of War. the Nipponese onslaught forces was good equipped for the onslaught on Pearl Harbor on December 7th. 1941. Japan understands that their state can non get the better of United Staes in a â€Å"conventional war. lacking as it did sufficient adult male power and natural stuffs ( notably oil ) for such a sustained attempt nevertheless Japan was able to set together combined fleet big plenty to travel toe to toe with the United States Navy in Hawaii† ( Long. 2007 ) . Nipponese air onslaught forces consisted of six bearers named Akagi. Kaga. Soryu. Hiryu. Shokaku. and Zuikaku. Support forces consisted of two battlewagon and two heavy patrol cars known as Tone and Chikuma. Screening forces consisted of one visible radiation patrol car and nine destroyers named Akuma. Patrol forces had three pigboats. In add-on. the supply forces ha eight oilers. Together these combined fleet was named the Kido Butai. or undertaking force which w as the largest figure of aircraft bearers of all time to run together ( Carlisle. 114 ) . Admiral Yamamoto and the Kido Fleet’s aim was to destruct the naval ships in Pearl Harbor and strike hard out the U. S. Pacific Fleet. In retrospect. this onslaught is besides an violative onslaught as a important Nipponese contending force so that the Americans could non oppose on Japan’s conquering of South East Asia and the Pacific Islands. Another ground for the onslaught is because President Roosevelt had banned all exports of bit Fe. steel and oil to Japan. The ground for the trade stoppage was the Nipponese invasion of China. Japan had lost more than 90 % of its oil supply ( Carlisle. 2006 ) . The economic isolation crippled their economic system and military. In add-on. Japan were keen on spread outing their imperium and had to do a determination between give uping or traveling to war with the United States. Last. United States had non yet entered the Second World War. because they were still staggering from depression due to the First World War. United States did. nevertheless. still possess the strongest naval fleets. In that position. the Japanese were about every bit strong as the American navy. As clip passed. America favored more and more towards fall ining the war. The Japanese anticipated a matured naval war with America and hence. decided to move first by bombing Pearl Harbor which was a cardinal terrain characteristic in the Pacific due to it’s monolithic and deep seaport for naval ships. The component of economic system of force was besides present during the onslaught on Pearl Harbor. This allowed Japans zero bomber to apportion minimal indispensable combat power towards the onslaught. With the economic system of force. the component of manoeuvre besides played abig function towards the foray. There were two aerial onslaught moving ridges. numbering 353 aircraft that was launched from the six Nipponese aircraft bearers. In actuality. Admiral Yamamoto’s plans consisted of three moving ridges of onslaught. The first moving ridge of attacked was launched at 0740 with 163 aircrafts that was coming from the North Shore. Their aim was to destruct landing fields at Wheeler. Ewa. Hickam. and Pearl Harbor. The 2nd moving ridge was launched an hr subsequently to the Windward side of the island with 167 aircraft bombers. Their mission was besides to destruct landing fields in Kaneohe and Bellows. Hickam. and Pearl Harbor. Admiral Yamamoto called off the 3rd moving ridge because he believed the 2nd work stoppage had basically satisfied the chief aim of his mission which was to stultify United States Pacific Fleet. In add-on Admiral Yamamoto did non wish to put on the line farther losingss. With Admiral Yamamoto’s careful planning of the Pearl Harbor onslaught. Japan was successful on finishing their aim in the Pacific by destructing the Naval fleet. However. they failed to follow through with the component of security. Security states that Japan should hold neer permitted United States from geting an unexpected advantage. With Admiral Yamamoto naming off the 3rd moving ridge. this allowed United States to acquire back up on its pess. Japan may hold won the conflict on Pearl Harbor. nevertheless that determination â€Å"woke up the kiping giant† doing Japan to give up the war to the Americans. The biggest impact on the Nipponese onslaught was the component of surprise which was Japans cardinal maneuver on Pearl Harbor and other military bases on Oahu that struck Americans as a â€Å"dastardly attack† - â€Å"stab in the dorsum. † On December 7th. 1941. everyone went about their day-to-day modus operandi. Naval and military bids in Hawaii did non surmise that this twenty-four hours would be the twenty-four hours they would acquire a immense surprise by acquiring attacked. Washington and Honolulu were cognizant of the Nipponese menaces to assail countries in Southeast Asia but they didn’t think a surprise onslaught at Pearl Harbor was in the programs. The bids in Washington and Honolulu had no thought because based on their intelligence they received largely from U. S wireless intelligence and diplomatic codification breakage. the intelligence received told them that the Japanese were traveling south and they weren’t traveling to be in â€Å"dan ger† . Washington received intelligence from the office of naval intelligence a few hours before the onslaught indicating that the all of Japan’s fleet bearers were in their place Waterss. This was one manner how the Nipponese wholly fooled and the U. S. intelligence and surprised them with a detrimental onslaught on Pearl Harbor and other military installings. Sunday forenoons are usually a clip of leisure for military forces. and during this clip. particularly in the forenoon. some are still asleep. or at church with their households. With the Nipponese knowing this. this was the best clip to establish their surprise onslaught because they knew people would non be able to react to the onslaughts quick plenty to contend back and it would be the perfect chance to destruct all of their fleets and aircrafts Japan’s careful and good orchestrated onslaught on Pearl Harbor on December 7th. 1941. destroyed about all the American Naval fleet in the Pacific. This allowed Japan to go on its imperialism towards Southeast Asian without United States intervention. Even when Japan failed to follow through with the component of security towards United States. they still followed about all the nine Principles of War in order for them to hold a successful foray. The 3rd moving ridge of onslaught could hold the destroyed the fuel storage. care. and dry dock installations that would hold crippled the U. S. Pacific Fleet far more earnestly than the loss of its battlewagons. If they had been wiped out. United States could non hold been able to resile back. fall in the war. and finally forced Japan to give up. Work Cited Carlisle. Rodney P. December 7. 1941: One Day in History: The Days That Changed the World. New York: Collins. 2006. Print. Long. Tony. July 27. 2007. â€Å"Dec. 7. 1941: Attack at Pearl Harbor a Bold. Desperate Gamble. † Wired. com. Conde Nast Digital. n. d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. wired. com/science/discoveries/news/2007/12/dayintech_1207 Goldstein. Donald M. The Way It Was Pearl Harbor. The Original Photographs. Washington: Brassey’s. 1991. Print. â€Å"Global Research. † Pearl Harbor: A Successful War Lie. N. p. . n. d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. globalresearch. ca/pearl-harbor-a-successful-war-lie/22305 â€Å"How Did Japan View the Pearl Harbor Attacks? † ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation. n. d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. hypertext transfer protocol: //library. thinkquest. org/CR0214300/nzjapaneseview1. hypertext markup language Hoyt. Edwin Palmer. Pearl Harbor Attack. New York: Sterling Pub. . 2008. Print. Kam. Ephraim. Surprise Attack: The Victim’s Perspective. Cambridge. Ma: Harvard UP. 1988. Print. â€Å"People-Japan–Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. IJN. ( 1884-1943 ) . † People-Japan–Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. IJN. ( 1884-1943 ) . N. p. . n. d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. history. navy. mil/photos/prs-for/japan/japrs-xz/i-yamto. htm â€Å"The Attack by the First Nipponese Wave. † The Attack by the First Nipponese Wave. N. p. . n. d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. pacificwar. org. au/pearlharbor/FirstWaveAttack. hypertext markup language Tures A. Tures. LaGrange. â€Å"William ‘Billy’ Mitchell. the Man Who Predicted the Pearl Harbor Day Disaster. † Yokel! News. Yokel! . 06 Dec. 2011. Web. 23 Jan. 2013. Wisniewski. Richard A. Pearl Harbor and the USS Arizona Memorial: A Pictorial History. Honololu. Hawaii ( P. O. Box 8924. Honolulu 96830 ) : Pacific Basin Enterprises. 1986. Print.

How to Prove an Argument Invalid by a Counterexample

How to Prove an Argument Invalid by a Counterexample An argument is invalid if the conclusion doesnt follow necessarily from the premises.  Whether or not the premises are actually true is irrelevant.  So is whether or not the conclusion is true.  The only question that matters is this: Is it  possible  for the premises to be true and the conclusion false?  If this is possible, then the argument is invalid. Proving Invalidity: a Two-step Process The counterexample method is a powerful way of exposing what is wrong with an argument that is invalid.  If we want to proceed methodically, there are two steps: 1) Isolate the argument form; 2) Construct  an argument with the same form that is obviously invalid. This is the counterexample. Lets take an example of a bad argument. Some New Yorkers are rude.Some New Yorkers are artists.Therefore Some artists are rude. Step 1: Isolate the Argument Form This simply means replacing the key terms with  letters, making sure that we do this in a consistent way.  If we do this we get: Some N  are RSome N are ATherefore some A are R Step 2: Create the counterexample For instance: Some animals are fish.Some animals are birds.Therefore some fish are birds This is what is called a substitution instance of the argument form laid out in Step 1.  There is an infinite number of these that one could dream up.  Every one of them will be invalid since the argument form is invalid.  But for a counterexample to be effective, the invalidity must shine forth.  That is, the truth of the premises and the falsity of the conclusion must be beyond question. Consider this substitution instance: Some men are politiciansSome men are Olympic championsTherefore some politicians  are Olympic champions. The weakness of this attempted counterexample is that the conclusion isnt obviously false.  It may be false right now, but one can easily imagine an Olympic champion going into politics. Isolating the argument form is like boiling an argument down to its bare bonesits logical form.  When we did this above, we replaced specific terms like New Yorker with letters.  Sometimes, though, the argument for is revealed by using letters to replace whole sentences or sentence-like phrases. Consider this argument, for instance: If it rains on election day the Democrats will win.It wont rain on election day.Therefore the Democrats wont win. This is a perfect example of a fallacy known as affirming the antecedent.  Reducing the argument  to its argument form, we get: If R then DNot RTherefore not D Here, the letters dont stand for descriptive words like rude or artist. Instead, they stand for an expression like, the Democrats will win and it will rain on election day.  These expressions can themselves be either true or false.  But the basic method is the same. We show the argument s invalid by coming up with a substitution instance where the premises are obviously true and the conclusion is obviously false.  For instance: If Obama is older than  90, then hes older than 9.Obama is not older than 90.Therefore Obama is not older than 9. The counterexample method is effective at exposing the invalidity of deductive arguments.  It doesnt really work on inductive arguments since, strictly speaking, these are always invalid.

Buss & Gov Que Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Buss & Gov Que - Essay Example In order to understand the effectiveness of the system approach to innovation, it is significant to review how this system has led to strengthening of innovation in the United States of America. Innovation in the Unites States of America can be viewed as a role of free access to markets, capital, human resources, macroeconomic environment, and industrial structure (Bergek et al 2008, p 408). The Function approach has been used by policy makers in the United States, which in turn has strengthened the tendency of innovation system perspective to open up richer and more difficult innovation policies. In addition, policymakers also use the innovation system approach to define process goals of their interventions in terms of a changed functional pattern in industrial operation. They have done this by explaining the nature of these processes in terms of the outcome of a balance between various inducements and blocking mechanisms. The approach is applied to identify the key policy challenge s that exist. The components of the innovation system are networks, institutions, and actors who contribute to the function of diffusing, developing, and utilizing new products and processes. Although the system calls for collective actions and coordinated action, an innovation system approach is analytical in nature in the sense that it does not focus on how to exist as fully-fledged system. For instance, access to capital is very essential to commercializing output. Some areas in the US have taken longer periods to bring new items to market. Due to this, the availability of funds to fund the commercialization of new technologies is very essential in determining the performance of the business. In addition, the industrial structure in the United States has provided competitive environment where technological innovations can operate. Further, development is often linked with availability of technology developers whose role is to drive development by providing required technologies, resources, markets, and applications. Most industries innovate and improve on new products in order to be competitive. The level of resource mobilization in the United States is strong since it has managed to mobilize human capital through education and training in specific scientific and technological disciplines as well as entrepreneurial, finance and management. There is an association between industries and educational institutions whereby educational institutions offer educational programs that prepare students to venture into business by developing stronger association to the industrial sector via internships, cooperation, and research projects (Bergek et al 2008, p 410). The importance of innovation and diffusion process recommends the generation of positive external economies, which is a key process in the formation, and growth of business. The feature of United States markets and marketing potential has influenced the innovation and diffusion of its business. For instance, it has access to regional, local, and international markets in which it can sell its products. The nature of technological innovation changes with time so as the nature of industrial products and services in that industries and factories manufacture new products based on new and enhanced technology. Therefore, in order for commercialization to be successful like it is in the United States, it is vital to create a conducive surrounding to innovation and

Vlaue proposition-2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Vlaue proposition-2 - Essay Example According to Weis (2014) for a business to be successful it needs to have a strong value proposition. Most companies have failure in sales due to weak value propositions. Barnes (2009) adds that a business could have the best features, the best executed presentation, and the best and stunning price in the market, but this will have no meaning if the customers are not able to understand the high-level proposition. The following value proposition is for Lab Vlieland which is an innovative company that deals with creative and smart ways of using energy and raw materials. The company aims create and share the island developed knowledge and experience with its environment; the island with the shore and especially with related festivals. According to Dussart (2010) customers purchase products or services to get particular jobs done and this is why it important for businesses to identify untapped jobs. These jobs are simply problems that the customers are still facing even after buying the goods and services initially. Lab Vlieland’s customers’ needs are to attain Eco friendly services that will eventually help the customer feel good about environmental conservation. The customer will also be able to get recognition in the community and the society. Knowledge and skills will also be acquired to support the community. Customers are able to achieve financial growth and revenue generation. As the company strives to meet the needs of its customers, much attention should be given to the desires that are not yet met despite the previous services having being offered to them. Lab Vlieland works with a range of customers and it might be hard to identify all the needs of the One needs to give a description of the benefits that the customer expects, desires or will be excited to achieve. According to Osterwalder & Papadakos (2014) it is important to

Software Project Management

Software Project Management Project Proposal Introduction The organization in which the project is to be carried out is ******** It is a multinational computer technology corporation, which is involved in developing, manufacturing, licensing and supporting a wide range of software products for computing devices. The vision of the company is to develop a workstation where the software runs onto every desk and sooner or later in every home. The company follows the principles and corporate code of conduct. The objective of the company is to delight its customers, employees and shareholders with the help of delivering advance technology. The company wants to enlarge its leadership in the field of manufacturing and technology. It wants to increase its profitability worldwide by satisfying the customer needs and wants to excel in customer orientation. Managers from Sales, Consulting and IT departments have identified a problem that has reduced productivity to unacceptable levels. The current email system is causing significant business interruptions and must be updated. The current system is disjointed and much of the technology is outdated. Name of the project and persons associated with project Name of the project: E-Mail System Up gradation, Expansion and Integration Project Proposer: The top authority person and the member from IT department are the proposers of the project. They provide policy definition to the Project team. They resolve all policy issues with the appropriate policy owners in order to provide a clear, decisive definition. They are the persons who make final decisions and resolves conflicts or issues regarding project expectations across organizational and functional areas (Agarwal Mishra, 2007). Project sponsor: The project sponsors provide executive team approval and sponsorship for the project. Project Stakeholders: The project stakeholders include Sales, Consulting and IT department management leaders and end users. They are the key provider of requirements and recipient of project deliverable and associated benefits. The majority of stakeholders for this project will be agency heads (Agarwal Mishra, 2007). Project Managers: ****** are the IT Department Head. They provide overall management to the project. They are accountable for establishing a Project Charter, developing and managing the work plan, securing appropriate resources and delegating the work and insuring successful completion of the project. All project team members report to the project manager (Agarwal Mishra, 2007). Project team: The team will include 2 executives or support managers, 1 market analysts, 2 product designers and 1 financial manager. The project team members are involved in analyzing, designing and ultimately improving or replacing the business processes. Objective of the project The aims and objectives of the project are: To develop fast e-mail system in the company To expand the existing activities or production facilities. Avoidance of the delay, technical flaws and drawing defects (Agarwal Mishra, 2007). Developing new servers, software and protocol in order to remain competitive Updating the technology and opening of additional accounts online. Proper tooling and techniques (Agarwal Mishra, 2007). Proper control over chain reaction activities. To meet the changing demands of the customers (Ramaswamy Namakumari, 2007). To earn more revenues and profits. Project Deliverables A consolidated e-mail software and network which has upgraded and modernized servers, pertinent protocol, staff trained in new software, hardware and protocol, functioning system help desk, system commissioning report and stakeholder project sign off (Agarwal Mishra, 2007) Technical requirements for the standard of performance A comprehensive range of e-learning tools and a new Email Standards and Protocols would be established and training will be provided to all departments. All the current email users shall be converted into the new system, and 500 new users that did not have email before shall be added. The users would have both LAN and remote access to email. Some help desk and support infrastructure shall be set-up to accommodate the new system. The relevant equipment would be salvaged (Agarwal Mishra, 2007). The users’ PCs would be upgraded to accommodate the new email system. It is expected that implementation and successful completion of this project will reduce operational expenses and increase productivity to create a net value of $200,000 per year (Agarwal Mishra, 2007). Major Milestones The milestones of this project include both the technical as well as the behavioral aspects like designing the up gradation project, selecting the team who needs to undergo this project, appointment of the team, which is responsible for the project and timely evaluation and assessment of the project (Agarwal Mishra, 2007). Project scope The proposed project will completely consolidate the old systems, update hardware and greatly diminish time and work losses due to technical and procedural e-mail communication problems. This change is necessary for company to be sustainable, provide timely service to the customers and ultimately remain relevant in today’s competitive market Includes: 2500 identified end users from the 12 departments and offices will be provided with the equipments that can operate the new system. Training will be provided to the employees for the use of the new system and system protocols (Agarwal Mishra, 2007). All the 2500 users will be converted in to the new system. In this new system, there will be LAN and remote access will be offered to the users. The system will be set up by the support infrastructure and help desk. The system will function after upgrading the PC’s. Does Not Include: Accounts or training in excess of 2500 are not part of the scope of this project. This effort will not extend into other aspects of ACME, Inc.’s information systems but will be confined to the e-mail system solely. Project management, reporting and controlling In order to implement a project in a successful manner, able corporation should first select a project management team comprising of professionals such as engineers, technicians, managers and accountants with responsibilities in their respective fields. The team should be headed by a project manager with individuals within defined parameters to achieve a common goal, i.e. to complete the implementation within projected schedule, projected cost and deliver the project with defined quality(Agarwal Mishra, 2007). The team members have to report timely and directly to the project manager. Project overruns and project failure are due to the cumulative effects of a number of reasons. Thus, a manager has to play a significant role in completion of project. Project priorities The project aims to accomplish all the set objectives. However, it emphasizes on certain tasks on a priority basis like up gradation of the skills and knowledge of the trainees, reinforcement of the value and ethics of the organization, reviewing and evaluation of the existing work-patterns in the Able Corporation, minimization of the redundant practices in the organization, completion of the project within the scheduled time-frame and maintaining high-quality standards in the due course of the project. Resources Required: A variety of resources will be needed to implement the project of new product development. The main resources, which are considered in the project, are the financial resources and workforce or staff of the company. With the help of the team as well the staff, the project can be completed rapidly and before the decided duration (Resource consideration, 2008). The project can be successful only when a firm is capable of utilizing its limited economic resources optimally. For the completion of the project, it is necessary that the resources are fully allocated as they are limited (Resource consideration, 2008). Work Break down Structure The work breakdown structure (WBS) presents a systematic and logical breakdown of the project into its component parts. The company is facing decrease in the productivity levels due to problems in the email system. The email system used currently is causing interruptions and the technology has become obsolete. The email system should be updated in the organization. There are 500 new users who do not have accounts. This will require an additional investment. For making an effective communication process, the Able Corporation has to be technologically advanced (Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), 2008). WBS in the email system project is broken into a logical series of smaller tasks, each of which is chosen for size and scope to fit it with the project management structure so that it can be subjected to efficient planning and execution (Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), 2008). It is believed that during the process of e-mail system up gradation, the work of the project would be broken down and consequently integrated with the process of organizing the project. The organization of the project would be further broken down to the functional groups of the project team (Agarwal Mishra, 2007). In this case, the WBS would represent the division and sub-division of work to the level of work packages. Cost estimates It is estimated that the task of forming the project team, plan phase and project estimation would be completed in 4 days and would incur a cost of about $15,000. The selection of project staff for phase would be completed in a time of 7 days with an expenditure of $7,000. However, for securing the commitments for staff availability, it is estimated that a period of 5 days would be taken and nearly $1,000 would be incurred on this task (Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), 2008). Near about 3 days would be required to complete the identification and allocation of management clerical overheads to the phase by incurring a cost of $7,000. In order to evaluate user system requirements, duration of 25 days would be required with an expenditure of $6,000. The task of Network suitability, test and changing the control procedures would prove to be detrimental for the final outcome and success of the project. As a result, a great deal of emphasis would be laid on this task in terms of time and money. It would thus require an extended period of 41 days and a heavy expenditure of $15,000. To develop the support infrastructure for the helpdesk, it is estimated that a period of 30 days would be sufficient with an expenditure of $22,000 (Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), 2008). Thus, this task would also require significant attention from the people involved in the project. To complete the task of implementation, 10 days would be warranted with a cost of $15,000. Also, an expenditure of $10,000 would be incurred on salvaging the equipments in a period of 10 days. Finally, a time of 7 days would be required to deploy the e-mail systems by incurring a cost of $9,000. References Agarwal, N.P. Mishra, B.K. (2007) Project management (4th Edition). New Delhi: Ramesh Book Depot. Mathew, M.J. (2000). Sales Management and Sales Promotion (3rd Revised Edition), Jaipur: RBSA Publishers. Resource Considerations (2008) Retrieved May 29, 2008 from http://www.utexas.edu/computer/lrp/ch6_res.htm Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) (2008). Retrieved June 25, 2008 from http://www.hyperthot.com/pm_wbs.htm

Healthcare Ethics Essay

To start with, the problems that arise in delivery of a baby where there are many problems encountered with the mother being a high risk case with any existing severe medical conditions posing pregnancy a high risk one or instances where the infant is being diagnosed to have a very fatal condition and its survival is not possible, in which ethically it is best to abort the baby, but the mother wants to take the risk which is indeed unethical. In such cases the patient should be counseled and made aware of the possible problems that has to be faced in the future. With the new reproductive technologies being brought in, there are a number of people opting for these technologies even though in some cases where it is known that it would not be a successful one. Ethically, undue usage of medical resources knowing the fact that the outcome is not going to give any positive result is against the ethical rules, because resources are to be used at a very limited pace, keeping in mind their availability. So the usage of resources are correlated with the issues where the risks are being taken which are unethical. It holds good in medical research where there are many times when the resources are unnecessarily wasted every now and then until they derive at what was intended to be derived without keeping in mind the harm caused, but just thinking about the beneficial outcome. The physician or a practicing health care official have many responsibilities and ethical means to be followed in his/her daily practice or career. Maintaining the confidentiality of the patient, where the patient would not want anybody other than the doctor has to be maintained respecting the thoughts and trust of the patient. Similarly, the physician has to tell the truth regarding the illness and its course if it is going to show a positive outcome or not, instead of keeping the patient in darkness and hope. Depending on the verdict of the physician it will enable the patient to make decisions as in to continue the treatment or stop the treatment or change to some other sort of treatment. This will help the physician and the managing staff to take decisions as well. Autonomy of a person or patient in ethical issue is very important and the one that has to be considered firstly. It solely lies in the patient to take decision or do what the patient wants. Autonomy plays a different role when it comes to children and infants where the parents play a vital role in giving or making a decision regarding the child. When it comes to the mentally ill its the related family members who take the decision. It lies in the consent of the families for the consent of the families for the treatment or withdrawal of treatment keeping in mind the best interests and well being of the children and the mentally ill. Geriatric age group forms a significant percentage of population and they need special care . Providing care to them when they are ill or long term care centre should be done ethically keeping in mind that they are people who need special attention. Ethical issues raised by development in modern medicine are many where there are conflicting views, thoughts and opinions about various issues. Among these issues are the euthanasia and physician assisted suicide which has raised a number of questions if it is ethical or unethical. Most countries are against such practice but few countries have made it legal. I would definitely consider the issues taught and discussed in the class if I face a situation like this in my practice. I am sure I would able to think better in an ethical manner in such situations after attending this class. Withdrawing treatment is another questionable issue, where in ethically it is approved because in a situation where the patient is in a permanent vegetative state or coma and no treatment is going to improve the condition of the patient it is better to withdraw treatment rather than prolong the treatment without any improvement is just not done, because by doing so the patient and his family are spending a huge amount of money on such care. End of life decision making is very crucial where ethically it depends on the patient in a state of competency, if not on the patient’s family. Ethically, by no means can the patient’s family make decisions when the patient is competent. The physician also plays a huge role in such a situation as he has to guide the patient and his family to do what is best in the interest of the patient. The health care ethics class has brought into light many ethical formulations that I need to know and practice as a physician. It helped me get better knowledge in topics like care of the elderly, care of the infants, mentally ill, how to manage the resources, about genetic testing, euthanasia and autonomy.

The United States and Its Policy of Promoting Democracy

Promoting democracy abroad has been one of the main elements of US foreign policy for decades. Some critics argue that it is harmful to promote democracy in countries without liberal values because it creates illiberal democracies, which pose grave threats to freedom. Others argue that the foreign policy of promoting democracy abroad fosters economic development in those places, reduces threats to the United Staes at home and creates partners for better economic trade and development.  There are  varying  degrees of democracies ranging from full to limited and even flawed. Democracies can also be authoritarian, meaning that people can vote but have little or no choice in what or whom they vote for. A Foreign Policy 101 Story When rebellion brought down the presidency of Mohammed Morsi in Egypt on July 3, 2013, the United States called for a quick return to order and democracy. Look at these statements from White House Press Secretary Jay Carney on July 8, 2013. During this transitional period, Egypts stability and democratic political order are at stake, and Egypt will not be able to emerge from this crisis unless its people come together to find a nonviolent and inclusive path forward. We remain actively engaged with all sides, and we are committed to supporting the Egyptian people as they seek to salvage their nations democracy. [W]e will work with the transitional Egyptian government to promote a quick and responsible return to a sustainable, democratically elected civilian government. We also call on all political parties and movements to remain engaged in dialogue, and to commit to participating in a political process to hasten the return of full authority to a democratically elected government. Democracy in US Foreign Policy Theres no mistaking that promotion of democracy is one of the cornerstones of American foreign policy. It hasnt always been that way. A democracy, of course, is a government which invests power in its citizens through the franchise, or the right to vote. Democracy comes from Ancient Greece and filtered to the West and the United States through such Enlightenment thinkers as Jean-Jaques Rousseau and John Locke. The United States is a democracy and a republic, meaning that the people speak through elected representatives. At its start, American democracy was not universal: Only white, adult (over 21), property-holding males could vote. The 14th, 15th, 19th  and 26th Amendments--plus a variety of civil rights acts--finally made voting universal in the 20th century. For its first 150 years, the United States was concerned with its own domestic problems--constitutional interpretation, states rights, slavery, expansion--more than it was with world affairs. Then the United States focused on pushing its way onto the world stage in an era of imperialism. But with World War I, the United States began moving in a different direction. Much of President Woodrow Wilsons proposal for a post-war Europe--the Fourteen Points--dealt with national self-determination. That meant imperial powers like France, Germany and Great Britain should divest themselves of their empires, and former colonies should form their own governments. Wilson intended for the United States to lead those newly independent nations into democracies, but Americans were of a different mind. After the carnage of the war, the public wanted only to retreat into isolationism and let Europe work out its own problems. After World War II, however, the United States could no longer retreat into isolationism. It actively promoted democracy, but that was often a hollow phrase that allowed the United States to counter Communism with compliant governments around the globe. Democracy promotion continued after the Cold War. President George W. Bush linked it to the post-9/11 invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. How Is Democracy Promoted? Of course, there are ways of promoting democracy other than warfare. The State Departments website says that it supports and promotes democracy in a variety of areas: Strengthening democratic institutionsSupporting civil societyEnhancing the rule of law and judicial independencePromoting political pluralism and free, fair electoral processesProtecting independent mediaPromoting Internet freedomPromoting human rights for all, including women The programs above are funded and administered through the State Department and USAID. Pros and Cons of Democracy Promotion Proponents of democracy promotion say that it creates stable environments, which in turn fosters strong economies. In theory, the stronger a nations economy and the more educated and empowered its citizenry, the less it needs foreign aid. So, democracy promotion and US foreign aid are creating strong nations around the globe. Opponents say that democracy promotion is just American imperialism by another name. It binds regional allies to the United States with foreign aid incentives, which the United States will withdraw if the country does not progress toward democracy. Those same opponents charge that you cannot force-feed democracy on the people of any nation. If the pursuit of democracy is not homegrown, then is it really democracy?

Effective Parenting-Early Development, Various Parenting...

Parents act as the first teachers in a childs life. Both mothers and fathers can have very unique influences on their children. Mothers and fathers parent differently, however, both maternal and paternal figures are essential in healthy development. Together both parents teach their children many things including how to eat, walk, talk and underlying emotions such as love, trust and happiness. Oppositely parents may also teach their kids, often unknowing of the effects they are causing, distrust, anger, and contempt. Every parent parents differently using various methods, styles, and techniques. Though traditional nucleic family rolls are dying or reversing, maternal influences still tend to be more prominent than paternal influences†¦show more content†¦There are different forms of attachment. Secure attachment has been achieved when the mother (or whomever is the primary care giver to which they have attached, using mother as an example) leaves and the child misses her and tries to be near her when she returns again. Secure attachment is ideally what is healthy for the child. Insecure attachment develops when the attachment is not secure. There are two types of insecure attachment, avoidant and ambivalent. Insecure-avoidant attachment is present when the child is anxious and avoids their mother upon her return. Insecure-ambivalent attachment is present when the child is anxious at her departure, however has mixed emotions upon her return; in this case the child would want to seek her closeness but fight it at the same time. Every parent is different in how they raise their children. The set manner with which a parent decides to raise its child would be their parenting style. There are various parenting styles. In a household where an authoritarian parent reigns strict rules are set forth and expected to be followed explicitly, orders are given often without a reason just an explanation that they must be followed; in these homes children have very li ttle rights with great amounts of responsibility. Authoritative parents, on the other hand, still have consistent rules which the reasonings for are typically explained, however love and care for the children are wellShow MoreRelatedParenting980 Words   |  4 PagesParenting; It’s Harder Than We Thought ENG/147 5/19/2016 Parenting; It’s Harder Than We Thought Parents are often lost when it comes to raising their children to inevitably {hopefully} produce respectable adults. Often parents will emulate the style of discipline they experienced growing up. It is important to know the effects discipline may have emotionally on children. 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